Coke oven



Aug. 17,1926. 1,596,409

' M. W. DlTTO COKE OVEN 0O Orignal Filed Jan. 14. 1 922 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 awm wk-QR Aug. 17 1926.

Original Filed Jan. 14. 1922 M. W. DITTO COKE OVEN I 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Aug. 17 1926. 1,596,409

M. w. DITTO COKE OVEN Original Filed Jan. 14. 1922 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Aug. 17 1926. 1,596,409

. M. w. DlTTO COKE OVEN Original Filed Jan. 14. 1922 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Aug. 17, 1926.

UNITED STATES 1,596,409 PATENT OFFICE.

MARVIN W. DITTO, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO CHICAGO TRUST COMPANY, TRUSTEE, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A- CORPORATION.

COKE OVEN.

Application filed January 14, 1922, Serial No. 529,292. Renewed January 8, 1926.

This invention has to do with certain improvements in coke ovens and like structures. The invention has reference particularly to certain improvements in retort coke ovens.

Still more particularly the invention relates to certain improvements in retort coke ovens of the horizontal flow type in which the heating gases flow horizontally through the heating walls as distinguished from an arrangement in which the flow is in a more or less vertical direction.

One of the features of the invention relates to improvements in the construction of the heating walls of the horizontal flow type generally. In this connection, an object is to provide improvements in horizontal flow heating walls built up from notched blocks of the general type shown, for example, in Letters Patent of the United States No. 1,132,685, issued March 23, 1915 as well as in various other Letters Patent and applications therefor.

Another feature of the invention relates to improvements in horizontal flow heating Walls in which provision is made for reinforcing or accelerating the combustion at one or more points during the flow of the heating gases through the wall so as to either maintain or i e-establish the temperature of the heating gases so as to maintain as uniform a heating efiect as possible through the entire length of the wall. More particularly an object in this connection is to make provision for such reinforcement of the combustion within horizontal flow type heating walls, and at one or more points within the length of the wall and between its edges, as distinguished from that of reinforced combustion in which the reinforcement of combustion takes place at the ends of the wall and prior to the commencement of another pass through the wall.

Still more particularly an object is to ro vide for the reinforcement of the com ustion intermediate the ends of the wall in that type of horizontal flow heating wall which is built up from notched blocks.

Another feature of the invention relates to improvements in the construction and operation of horizontal flow type coke ovens which may be operated on the reversing regenerative principle. In this connection, another object is to make provision for operating the ovens on the reversing regenerative principle with the flow of heating gases a1 ternately in one direction and then in thev other throughout the length of the wall.

More particularly in this connection an obect is to make provision for reinforcing the combustion intermediate the ends of the walls and in such a manner that proper combustion will also take place on both halves pf the reversing regenerative cycle of operaion.

A still further object of the invention is to provide very direct and convenient connections between the ends of the heating walls and the regenerators, so that the gases may also be transferred between the heating walls and the regenerators in the most direct and economical manner.

Another feature of the invention relates to improvements in the form of the notched blocks which are used in the construction of the heating walls themselves. in this con;- nection,- a further object is to provide notched blocks of a form which can be very easil manufactured, and which will have a maximum degree of strength and du= rahility.

A. still further object of the invention is to provhtie an arrangement in which the gas and air constituents of combustion can he readily adjusted and controlled at all of the different points necessary in order to ensure the most perfect and satisfactory operation of the ovens, and in order to make it possible for the operator to have the best possible control of the ovens at all times.

Other objects and uses of the invention will appear from a detailed description of the same, which consists in the features of construction and combination of parts hereinafter described and claimed.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a heating wall of a coke oven construction embodym g the features of the present invention, being taken on the line 1-1 of Figs. 3 and 4 looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 2 shows a longitudinal section through a partition wall such as may be lo-- cated between two of the heating walls, being taken on the line 2-2 of Figs. 3 and 4 looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 3 shows a cross section taken on the line.3-3 of Figs. 1 and 2 looking in the direction of the'arrows;

Fig. 4 shows a cross section taken on the line 44 of Figs. 1 and 2 looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 5 shows a horizontal section on enlarged scale taken on the line 55 of Flg. 2 looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig. 6 shows a plan view of the top faces of two of the block sections of the type used in the construction of the particular heating wall illustrated in the drawings.

Fig. 7 shows a section taken on the line 77 of Fig. 6 looking in the direction of the arrows; and

Fig. 8 shows a side elevation corresponding to Fig. 6.

Referring first to Figs. 3 and 4, I will state that I have shown the features of the present invention as bein embodied within a coke oven construction in which there are provided two heating walls 11 and 12 respectively, for each coking chamber 13. I have done this largely as a matter of convenience in illustration, and also for the reason that it provides a very excellent construction and arrangement, but I wish it clearly understood that I do not limit the features of the resent invention to a construction in which there are provided two heating walls for each carbonizing chamber, except as I may so limit myself in the claims.

Furthermore, I have disclosed an arrangement in which there is provided a partition wall 14 between the adjacent heating walls of consecutive ovens. Such partition wall when provided serves as a very convenient structure within which to place certain of the passages for the transfer of the gases and air, but I wish it clearly understood that these passages may in many cases be placed in other structures than a partition wall, and that therefore I do not limit the features of the present invention to constructions including a partition wall except as I may do so in the claims.

Each of the heating walls is shown as' being built up from a series of notched blocks 15, said blocks being laid in courses in such a manner as to provide within the wall a series of passages 16 extending across the wall from its edge 17 to its edge 18. The notched block construction illustrated is of the general type disclosed in Letters Patent of the United States No. 1,132,685, issued March 23, 1915, as well as various other Letters Patent and applications therefor. In this connection, I wish to state that the particular form of notched block herein illustrated, and which will be presently described in detail, possesses various novel features of design and construction, as well as possessing various advantages from the standpoint of manufacture and durability or permanency in service. While the use of notched blocks in the construction of the heating walls bears a peculiar relationship to said walls and possesses various features of advantage, still I do not limit myself to the use of the notched blocks herein articularly illustrated, .nor any other orm of notched blocks, except as I may do so in the claims.

Bearing the foregoing in mind, the notched blocks herein particularly illustrated are of the general dumb-bell type, including the head pieces 19 and 20, and the intermediate neck portion 21. It will be observed from examination of Fig. 7 in particular, that the neck portion 21 extends across between opposite corners of the head portions 19 and 20, thereby establishing a side notch 22 at one side of the block and a bottom notch 23 at the bottom of the block. Such blocks when set together in the proper respective positions may be built up into a wall in which the passages 16 extend across the wall in zig-zag fashion, the notches providing for this purpose a mesh work of horizontally and vertically extending passages ermitting the travel of gases across the wa in a zig-zag fashion.

In this connection it is also to be observed that each of the blocks is preferably formed of two sections A and B, which when set together constitute the complete block, the sections being divided from each other substantially in the vertical central plane. Br sub-dividing the blocks in this way, the sections may be made of small enough size to permit them to be readily molded and controlled when they are made of silica or other highly refractory material, while at the same time making it ossible to use a design of blocks of sufficient size to give the desired mesh work of passages within the heating walls of a commercial size of oven.

At the opposite ends of the heating wall there are provided the combustion chambers or series of combustion chambers 24: and 25, which communicate with the end portions of the mesh work of gas passages. The arrangement is such that the constituents of combustion introduced into the combustion chambers at one end of the wall may commence combustion at that point, thence traveling across the wall to the other end where they may be delivered from the chambers at that end; and on the reverse half of the cycle the constituents of combustion are initially introduced into the second mentioned chambers and travel across the wall in the reverse direction to be delivered from the 'first' mentioned chambers.

Communicating with each of the chambers 24 is aport 26 and a gas nozzle 27, and com- 'm'unicating' with each of the chambers 25 in those cases in which partition walls are provided, and in many cases these passages may be located in some other or difierent structure. Consequently, I do not limit myself to the arrangement illustrated except as I may do so in the claims.-

The passages 30 and 31 should be of sufficient cross sectional area measured on horizontal plane, to readily transfer the quantity of air or gas necessary for the proper operation of the oven. This quantity Wlll be quite large owing to the fact that when they are transferring air upwardly, said air will ordinarily be preheated and its volume thus increased, and also owing to the fact that when spent gases are being transferred they are comparatively hot and of large volume. In order to give the'passages 30 and 31 suflicient mechanical strength to readily resist the relatively large sidewise forces to which they will be subjected, I have illustrated these passages as including the mesh work of reinforcement blocks 32, which blocks extend across the passages between their side walls, thus giving great mechanical strength, while at the same time providing a honeycomb of passages through which the gases or air may be readily transferred.

It will be noted from comparison of Figs. 1 and :2 that each of the chambers 30 and 31 is of greater dimension measured lengthwise of the wall than the length of the adjacent combustion chambers 24 or 25 as the case may be. In order that the combustion chambers may line up in the best possible manner with the mesh work of passages, I prefer to locate the partitions 33 between the consecutive combustion chambers in such locations as illustrated in Fig. 1, and for this purpose it becomes desirable to break joints in those blocks used for the construction of the combustion chambers as compared with the positions of the courses of blocks used in building up the body of the wall. For this reason the cross blocks 32 in the passages 30 and 31 are found to break joints in the manner clearly'evident from Fig. 2.

When operating the oven on the reversing regenerative principle the regenerators 34 and 35 are provided. As a matter of convenience, each of these regenerators is placed under one end of the oven chamberto which it particularly relates. Owing to the fact that these chambers are of considerable size, I have shown each of them as being subdivided lengthwise by means of a partition 36 which establishes the regenerator cham particular arrangement illustrated, since the passage 30 for one heating wall of an oven reaches directly into the section C of the regenerator 34, the passage 30 of the other heating wall of such oven reaches directly into the section D of the regenerator 34, the passage 31 of the first mentioned wall reaches into the section C of the regenerator 35, and the passage 31 of the other wall of such oven reaches into the section D of the regenerator 35. 7

As previously mentioned, each of the regenerator sections is also subdivided by a horizontal partition 36 which reaches. inwardly to a point near the center wall 37. The connections 38 and 39 communicate with the lower outside endportions of the only necessary to raise and lower the valve stems 46 at the two ends of the oven in opposition to each other.

Owing to the substantial length of the heating walls'of a coke oven it follows that in those cases in which the heating gases travel the entire distance of the heating wall with combustion roduced at one end only, there may be a substantial drop in temperature of the ases before they are discharged from the wa 1. In some cases it may be desirable to sustain or reinforce the combustion atone or more points during the travel of the gases across the wall either by the introduction of additional combustion constituent or in any other suitable manner. This result may be readily accomplished in the construction herein illustrated in the following manner: Communicating with the passages in the heating wall at one or more points are ports 47 through which combustion constituents may be introduced so as to reinforce the combustion. These ports will lead into the wall passages sidewise from connections 48 which extend down through the partition walls. The additional combustion constituent may be introduced into the upper ends of the passages 48 at the top of the structure. As shown in Figs. 1 and 2 I have illustrated tion at any selected point depending largely on the operating conditions. For example} by providing a number of different ports or groups of ports located at different points in the len th of the wall, the combustion may be rein forced at that point or those points f 1 which may be found by experience the actual operation of the oven to give the best results.

ment ports may be used whereas in other cases another set or sets may be used.

In the ordinary operation of the oven when reinforcement of combustion is used, full quantities of air may be introduced throu h the chambers 24 and 25 and only a partia l quantity of gas, the unconsumed oxygen resulting from the partialcombus- '30 tion thus brought about being subsequently taken up and consumed by fuel gas introduced through the selected ports 47. In some cases, however, an excess quantity of Y gas may be introduced, in which case the reinforcement of combustion may be brought about byintroducing supplemental quantities of air, or the operation may be controlled between an excess of air and an excess of gas,

first one constituent and then the other being 40 in excess, or introduced into the traveling gases.

Examination of Fig. 1 will show the presence of a series of horizontally extending partitions 49 which sub-divide the mesh work of horizontally extending passages into a series of horizontal grou s or zones. These .have been designated as K, L and M respectively in Fig. 1. It will be noted in this connection that the partitions 33 of the chambers 24 and 25 are lined up with the martitions 49 in such a manner that each 7 zd'ne is in direct communication with one or more of the chambers. This sub-dividing of "the wall into a series of horizontally extendv ing zones or groups'of passages located at different elevations makes it possible to more readily and perfectly control the heating effect at--all times throughout the surface of the wall. In this connection, it will also be noted that'at least one of the ports 47 communicates with the passages of each zone for each of the groups E, F, G, H and I.

v In order to still further and more completely control the operation at different 135, points I have provided a damper block 50 In some cases one set ofreinforcefor each of the ports 26 and 28. These damper blocks are located on sills 51 adjacent to their respective ports. They are also provided in their back faces with sockets 52 into Which suitable adjusting tools may be entered, said tools being passed through the adjustment ports 53 in the ends of the structure after removing the plugs 54.

In order to observe the operation of the combustion I have also illustrated a peek hole 55 which reaches directly into each of the chambers 24 and 25, so that upon removing a block 56 the operator may look directly into the combustion chamber and in the general direction of gas flow.

While I have herein shown and described only a single embodiment of the features of my present invention, still I do not limit myself to the same except as I may do so in the claims.

I claim:

1. A coke oven structure including a pair of spaced apart heating walls havinga coking chamber between them, each heating wall comprising notched blocks set together to provide on its interior a mesh Work of interconnected passages for the transfer of heating gases in a generally horizontal direction, horizontally extending partitions within each heating wall serving to divide the same into a series of horizontally extending zones and to confine the gases within their respective zones, there being a seriesof combustion chambers. at each end of each zone, a partition wall adjacent to each heating wall, there being a vertically extending passage at each end of each partition wall adjacent to the combustion chambers at that end of the adjacent heating wall, there being a port extendin between each combustion chamber and ad acent partition wall passage, a horizontal adjustment opening in the end of each partition wall adjacent to said port, a dam er block adjacent to each port and adjusta le through the corresponding adjust- 110 ment opening, a gas nozzle communicating with each combustion chamber, there being a series of laterally spaced ports communicating with each zone of the heating wall intermediate between the combustion chambers at its ends, there being a vertical passage in the adjacent partition wall communieating-with each such port, and regenerators in communication with the end passages of the partition .walls, substantially as described.

2. A coke oven structure including a pair of spaced apart heating walls having a coking chamber between them, each heating wall comprising notched blocks set together to provide on its interior a mesh-work of'in terconnected passages for the transfer of heating gas in a generally horizontal direction, horlzontally extending partitions within each heating wall serving to divide the 130 same into a series of horizontallyextending zones and to confine the ases within their respective zones, there being a combustion chamber at each end of each zone, a partition wall adjacent to each heating wall, there being a vertically extending passage at each end of each partition wall adjacent to the combustion chambers at that end of the adjacent heating wall, there being a port extending between each combustion chamber and adjacent partition wall passage, a horizontal adjustment opening in the end of each partition wall adjacent to said port, a damper block adjacent to each port and adjustable through the corresponding adjustment opening, and a gas nozzle communicating with each combustion chamber, substantially as described.

' 3..A coke oven structure including a pair of spaced apart heating walls having a coking chamber between them, each heating wall comprising notched blocks set together to provide on its interior a mesh-work of inter-connected assages for the transfer of heating gases in a generally horizontal direction, horizontally extending partitions within each heating wall serving to divide the same into a series of horizontallyextending zones and to confine the gases within their respective zones, there being a combustion chamber at each end of each zone, a partition wall adjacent to each heating Wall, there being a vertically extending passage at each end of each partition wall adjacent to the combustion chambers at that end of the adjacent heating wall, there being a port extending between each combustion chamber and adjacent partition wall passage, a gas nozzle communicating with each combustion chamber, there being a series of laterally spaced ports communicating with each zone.

of the heating wall intermediate between the combustion chambers at its ends, there being a vertical passage in the adjacent partition wall communicating with each such port, and regenerators in communication with the end passages of the partition walls, substantially as described.

4. A coke oven structure including a pair of spaced apart heating walls having a coking chamber between them, each heating wall comprising notched blocks set together to provide on its interior a mesh work of interconnected passages for the transfer of heating gases in a generally horizontal direction, horizontally extending partitions within each heating wall serving to divide the same into a series of horizontally extending zones and to confine the gases within their respective zones, there being a combustion chamber at 'each end of each zone, a partition wall adjacent to each heating wall, there being a vertically extending passage at each end of each partition wall adjacent to the. combustion chambers at that end of the adjacent heating wall, there bein a port extending between each combustion c amber and the adjacent partition wall passage, 2, gas nozzle communicating with each combustion-chamber, there being a series of laterally spaced .ports communicating with each zone of the heating wall'intermediate between the combustion chambers at its ends, and there being a vertical passage in the adjacent partition wall communicating wlth each such port, substantially as described. 5. A coke oven structure including a pair of spaced apart heating walls having a coking chamber between them, each heating wall comprising notched blocks set together to provide on its interior a mesh work of lnterconnected passages for the transfer of heating gases in a generally horizontal direction, horizontally extending partitions within each heating wall serving to divide the same into a series of horizontally extending zones, and to confine the gases within their respective zones, there being a combustion chamber at each end of each zone, there being a port communicating with each combustion chamber, a gas nozzle communicating with each combustion chamber, there being a series of laterally spaced ports communicating with each zone of the heating wall intermediate between the combustion chambers at its ends, and a regenerator in communication with the ports leading into the combustion chambers at each end of the wall, substantially as described.

6. A coke oven structure including a pair of spaced apart heating walls having a coking chamber between them, each heating wall comprising notched blocks set together to'provide-on its interior a mesh work of interconnected passages for the transfer of heating gases in a generally horizontal direction, horizontally extending partitions within each heating wall serving to divide the same into a series of horizontally extending zones and to confine the gases within their respective zones, there being a combustion chamber at each end of each zone, there being a port communicating with each combustion chamber, a gas nozzle communicating with each comoustion chamber, there being a series of laterally spaced ports communicating with each zone of each heating wall intermediate between the combustion chambers at its ends, and a passage communicating with each of said ports, substantially as described.

7 A coke oven structure including a pair of spaced apart heating walls having a coking chamber between them, each heating wall comprising notched blocks set together to provide on its interior a mesh work of interconnected passages for the transfer of heating gases in a generally horizontal direction, horizontally extending partitions within each heating wall serving to divide the same into a series of horizontally extending zones and to confine the gases wlthin their respective zones, there being a combustion chamber at each end of each zone, there being a port communicating with each combustion chamber, a gas nozzle communicating with each combustion chamber, and a regenerator in communication with the ports of the combustion chambers at each end of the structure, substantially as described.

8. A coke oven structure including a pair of spaced apart heating walls havingha coking chamber between them, each eating wall comprising notched blocks set together to provide on its interior a mesh work of interconnected passages for the transfer of heating gases in a generally horizontal direction, horizontally extending partitions within each heating wall serving to divide the same into a series of horizontally extending zones and to confine the gaseswithin their respective zones, there being a combustion chamber at each end of each zone,

there being a port communicating with each combustion chamber, and a gas nozzle communicating with each combustion chamber, substantially as described.

9. A coke oven structure including a pair of spaced apart heating walls having a coking chamber between them, each heating wall comprising notched blocks set together to provide on its interior a mesh work of interconnected passages for the transfer of heating gases in a general horizontal direction, horizontally extending partitions within each heating wall serving to divide the same into a series of horizontally extending zones and to confine the ases within their respective zones, there eing a series of combustion chambers at each end of each zone, a partition wall adjacent to each heating wall, there being a vertically extending passage at each end of each partition wall adjacent to the combustion chambers at that end of the adjacent heating wall,

there being a port extending between each,

combustion chamber and adjacent partition wall passage, a horizontal adjustment opening in the end of each partition wall adja-,

cent to said port, a damper block adjacent" to each port and adjustable through the corresponding adjustment opening, a gas nozzle communicating with. each combustion chamber, there being a series of laterally spaced ports communicating with'each zone of the heating wall intermediate between the combustion chambers at its ends, and there being a vertical passage in the adjacent partition wall communicating with each such port, substantially as described. 10. A coke oven structure includingapair of spaced apart heating walls having a cok-a ing chamber between them, each heating rection,

wall having on its interior a mesh work of interconnected passages for the transfer of heating gases in a generally horizontal di-. rection, horizontally extending partitions -within each heating wall serving to divide the same into a series of horizontally-extending zones and to confine the gases within their respective zones, there being a combustion chamber at each end of each zone,

there being a port communicating with each chambers at its ends, and a regenerator in communication with the combustion cham-' bars at each end of the structure, substantially as described.

' 11. A coke oven structure including a pair of spaced apart heating walls having a cok-. ing chamber between them, each heating wall having on its interior a mesh work of interconnected passages for the transfer of heating gases in a generally horizontal direcin each heating wall serv ng to divide the same into a series of horizontally extending zones and to confine the respective zones, there being a combustion tion, horizontally extending partitions with-j:

ases within their chamber at each end of each zone, there be- I ing a port communicating with each COllIfbustion chamber, a gas nozzle communicating with each combustion chamber, and there" I being. a seriesof laterally spaced orts communicating with each zone of tie heating wall intermediate between the combustiion as e-' chambers at its ends, substantially scribed. I

12. A coke oven structure including a pair of spaced apart heating walls havin' a coking chamber between them, each eating wall having on its interior a mesh work of interconnected passages for the transfer of heating ases in a generally horizontal di-' fiiorizontally extending partitions within each heating wall serving to divide the same into a series of horizontally extending zones and to confin'ethefg'ases with in their respectivezones, there be ng a combustion chamber ateach endof each zone,

there being a port communicating with each' combustion chamber, a gas nozzle communi catingvwith each combustion chamber, and a regenerator in communication with,the' ports at each' end of the structure, substantially asdescribed..;. 13. A coke oven structure including a pair of spaced apart'heating walls having a cok-. v.

ing chamber between them, each heating wall v ha i g on its interior a mesh work of inter 1 connected passages for the transfer of heat? in'g gases in a generally horizontally direc-' tion, there being a series of combustion chambers at each end of the heating wall, a p

partition wall adjacent to each heating wall, there being a vertically extending passage at each end of each partition wall adjacent to the combustion chambers at that end of the adjacent heating wall, there being a port extending between each combustion chamber and adjacent partition wall passage, a horizontal adjustment opening in the end of each partition wall adjacent to said port, a damper block adjacent to each port and adjustable through the corresponding adjustment opening, a gas nozzle communicating with each combustion chamber, there being a series of laterally spaced ports communieating with the heating wall intermediate between the combustion chambers at its ends,

there being a vertical passage in the adjacent partition wall communicating with each such port, and a regenerator in communication with the end passages of the partition walls, substantially as described.

14. A coke oven structure including a pair of spaced apart heating walls having a coking chamber between them, each heating wall having on its interior a mesh work of interconnected passages for the transfer of heat ing gases in a generally horizontal direction, there being a series of combustion chambers at each end of the heating wall, a partition wall adjacent to each heating wall, there being a vertically extending passage at each end of each partition wall adjacent to the combustion chambers at that end of the adjacent heating wall, there being a port extending between each combustion chamber and adjacent partition wall passage, a horizontal adjustment opening in the end of each partition wall adjacent to said port, a damper block adjacent to each port and adjustable through the corresponding adjust ment opening, a gas nozzle communicating with each combustion chamber, there being a series of laterally spaced ports communieating with the heating wall intermediate between the combustion chambers at its ends, and there being a vertical passage in the adjacent partition wall communicating with each such port, substantially as described.

15. A coke oven structure including a pair of spaced apart heating walls having a coking chamber between them, each heating wall having on its interior a mesh work of interconnected passages for the transfer of heating gases in a generally horizontal direction, there being a series of combustion chambers in communication with the passages at each end of the wall, there being a port in communication with each combustion chamber, a gas nozzle communicating with each combustion chamber, there being a series of laterally spaced ports communicating with thepassages of each heating wall intermediate between the combustion chambers at its ends, and a regenerator in communication with the ports for'the combustion chambers at each end of the structure, substantially as described.

16. A coke oven structure .includinga pair of spaced apart heating walls havin a coking chamber between them, each eating wal l having on its interior a mesh work of interconnected passages for the transfer of, heating gases in a generally horizontal direction, there being a series of combustion chambers in communication with the passsages at each end of the wall, there being a port in communication with each combustion chamber, a gas nozzle communicating with -each combustion chamber, and there being a series of laterally spaced ports communicating with the passages of each heating wall intermediate between the combus-. tion chambers at its ends, substantially as described.

MARVlN w. nrr'ro. 

